What is the most common cause of asymptomatic hematuria?

The most common causes of microscopic hematuria are urinary tract infection, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and urinary calculi. However, up to 5% of patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria are found to have a urinary tract malignancy.

What causes blood in urine with no other symptoms?

Blood in the urine is a key sign of bladder cancer. It also may be a sign of kidney or prostate cancer. In some cases, you might not have any other symptoms. That’s one reason why it’s important to let your doctor know when you notice any blood.

What are the causes of painless hematuria?

Various problems can cause this leakage, including:

  • Urinary tract infections. These occur when bacteria enter your body through the urethra and multiply in your bladder.
  • Kidney infections (pyelonephritis).
  • A bladder or kidney stone.
  • Enlarged prostate.
  • Kidney disease.
  • Cancer.
  • Inherited disorders.
  • Kidney injury.

What causes Idiopathic hematuria?

These causes include: Inflammation of the kidney, urethra, bladder, or prostate (in men) Abnormal structures in the urinary tract. Inherited diseases, like polycystic kidney disease , sickle cell disease, or hemophilia.

What does asymptomatic hematuria mean?

This definition accounts for some degree of hematuria in normal patients, as well as the intermittent nature of hematuria in patients with urologic malignancies. Asymptomatic microscopic hematuria has causes ranging from minor findings that do not require treatment to highly significant, life-threatening lesions.

Can emotional stress cause blood in urine?

We suggest that the breakdown of the mucosal pro- tective defences is a potential mechanism linking anxiety to haematuria. As an adaptation to stress, the blood is shunted away from the viscera and skin, thereby preserving perfusion to the vital organs.

What are the two types of hematuria?

There are two main types of hematuria: gross and microscopic. Gross hematuria – Gross hematuria means that you can see blood with the naked eye because the urine is pink, red, purplish-red, brownish-red, or tea-colored. If you see blood in your urine, you should call your healthcare provider.

What is RBC in urine?

Red blood cells (RBCs) can be present in your urine, whether you see pink in the toilet bowl or not. Having RBCs in your urine is called hematuria. There are two types of hematuria: Gross hematuria means blood is visible in your urine. Microscopic hematuria involves RBCs that can only be seen under a microscope.

What is the differential diagnosis of hematuria?

Causes and differential diagnosis Among the most common causes of hematuria are infections of the lower urinary tract, especially the bladder. Other causes to consider are stones (urolithiasis) and, especially in older patients, tumors or benign prostatic hyperplasia (Figure 1).

How common is asymptomatic microscopic hematuria?

The prevalence of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria varies from 0.19 percent to as high as 21 percent. Patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria who are at risk for urologic disease or primary renal disease should undergo an appropriate evaluation.

How to assess asymptomatic microscopic hematuria?

Assessment of Asymptomatic Microscopic Hematuria in Adults 1 Etiology. Hundreds of diseases have been shown to cause hematuria. 2 Clinical Relevance. The most important test in the evaluation of hematuria is a microscopic examination of the urine. 3 Initial Evaluation.

What is visible hematuria (gross)?

Visible (gross) hematuria is urine that is visibly discolored by blood or by blood clot. It may present as urine that is red to brown, or as frank blood.

What is the prevalence of asymptomatic hematuria?

Asymptomatic hematuria is thought to be much more prevalent than symptomatic hematuria. [1] In about 50% of cases, a cause can be identified. When hematuria presents with proteinuria, this usually signals moderate to severe kidney disease.

Is microscopic hematuria associated with urinary tract malignancy in women?

Asymptomatic microscopic hematuria in women is common; however, it is less likely to be associated with urinary tract malignancy among women than men. For women, being older than 60 years, having a history of smoking, and having gross hematuria are the strongest predictors of urologic cancer.